Two Thousand Years of Historical-Archaeological Observations of Bradyseism in Pozzuoli

The Serapeum of Pozzuoli has long served as a pivotal site for scholars seeking to integrate geology, archaeology, and historical records to study the phenomenon of ground deformation in the CampiFlegrei area. Early modern observations of slow vertical ground movements in Pozzuoli laid the groundwork for understanding a process that has persisted for millennia, leaving tangible traces in stone, inscriptions, and ancient manuscripts. The interplay between human activity and the dynamic volcanic environment is revealed through architectural remains, epigraphic evidence, and historical accounts, highlighting both the resilience and vulnerability of urban settlements to bradyseism events. This study synthesizes archaeological, historical, and geological data to reconstruct the evolution of ground deformation in Pozzuoli, emphasizing the Serapeum as a unique reference point for interdisciplinary research and for evaluating long?term hazards in volcanic regions.